Presentation Notes Clean Energy Trade Mission Guangzhou, China August 2008

Landfill Methane Gas Waste to Energy Process

Presentation by Graeme Alford, CEO, LGP

Our Vision: “To be the most efficient & innovative global provider of Renewable Energy.”

Slide 1: The Kangaroo is native to only one country; Australia. I propose to draw parallels between our national animal, the kangaroo and the landfill gas waste to energy process in this presentation.

Slide 2: The original inhabitants of Australia, the aboriginals hunted kangaroos for both the meat and the skins. Now, all Australian States have legislation to protect kangaroos. However, when there are ideal breeding conditions for kangaroos, they can reach plague proportions and culling is undertaken. Action has to be taken. Likewise, the earth is coping with a crisis and action has to be taken. The effect of technology within the industrialised world has resulted in greenhouse gas emission levels that are damaging the earth and threatening our way of life. Global warming will affect all of us if changes are not made to the amount of CO2 being put into the atmosphere. We now have to look at culling our CO2 emissions like the kangaroos when they reach plague proportions.

Slide 3: In Australia in February 2008, the interim Garnuat report was released. The reality of climate change is with us as a result of global warming from human activity. What is highlighted is the rapid growth occurring in the two most populated countries of the world, China and India. Also, identified is the world’s reliance on fossil fuels for meeting our energy needs for the foreseeable future.

Slide 4: The rate of CO2 emissions is accelerating and to keep the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere at what is recognised as the safe maximum amount of 450 ppm, we need to reduce our emissions by more than 80% below current levels by 2050. Australia is a massive 94% reduction and China is a 55% reduction.

Slide 5: Total Australian CO2 emissions in 2007 were 585Mt of which waste contributed 3%. The majority of emissions are from stationary electricity generation. The capture of methane created from the breakdown of the rubbish in our landfills and its controlled burning will be up to 23 times less damaging than letting the gas escape into the atmosphere.

Slide 6: Kangaroos are mammals and live in groups called mobs. Males are called bucks or boomers. Females are called does. Babies are called joeys. All female kangaroos have front-opening pouches. This is where the 'joey' or young kangaroo is raised for at least 12 months until it can survive outside the pouch.

Slide 7: Renewable Energy has been around for a long time. It is able to offer a large part of the solution to climate change. Windmills have been used and still are being used in rural parts of Australia to supply drinking water to humans and livestock. Slide 8:

In some parts of Australia, such as Greenough in Western Australia, the wind is so strong the trees grow sideways. We need to harness more of this fuel source for electricity generation.

Slide 9: Modern wind farms are now providing some of the base load. Roaring 40s, who are part of this Clean Energy Trade Mission, are an example of suppliers of this technology. Slide 10:

Other applications are solar. In Australia to date this has tended to be limited at present to isolated off grid locations, such as street lighting at rural intersections. Wizard Power who are part of this Clean Energy Trade Mission, are an example of suppliers of this technology. Landfill methane gas can also be used as a renewable energy source and provide part of the solution.

Slide 11: In many cases there will be an environmental landfill operational licence requiring the capture of landfill gas and its combustion on the larger or more recently constructed sites. This is the like the kangaroo’s pouch. It is there to protect the joey. With the landfill, it is about ensuring the safety of the local community and the environment.

Slide 12: With the larger landfills, this process will result in the generation of green electricity and income from the sale of this electricity.

Slide 13: In our opinion, we believe the landfill needs at least 1 million tonnes of waste deposited before electricity generation becomes economically viable. For smaller sites, it may be possible to generate some electricity for internal use only or to flare the gas, thereby reducing its environmental effect.

Slide 14: Kangaroos are herbivorous, eating a range of plants including grasses. They do not generally drink water, getting their moisture from their food. Like dogs, Kangaroos pant as they do not sweat. Most are nocturnal but some are active in the early morning and late afternoon. They tend to rest in the heat of the day by digging shallow holes under trees and then lying in them. You can walk right past them without knowing they are there.

Slide 15: The landfill gas capture system works away silently in the background and is the same irrespective of the method of combusting the gas being electricity generation or flaring. This comprises the installation of a series of wells on a grid layout to collect the gas.

Slide 16: The design of the grid of wells is determined by: Landfill characteristics such as waste type, compaction rates, moisture content Surface area of the landfill, Depth of waste, greater than 20 metre desirable whilst greater than 10 metre is an absolute minimum Surface slopes, and Type of final cover provided by the operator. Clay goes through a seasonal wetting and drying cycle and gas escapes when it is dry.

Slide 17: These wells are connected by pipes to the collecting manifold, which delivers the gas to power the station via a vacuum pump. The well field operates under a slightly negative pressure to draw the gas out. A pre-treatment facility prepares the gas for consumption in the engines modified for landfill gas combustion.

Slide 18: The engine/genset is located within an acoustic module inside the power station building to minimise noise to the surrounding land uses. Likewise, the roof top exhaust mufflers are designed to minimise noise escaping from the site as the power station operates 24 hours per day.

Slide 19: Power station operations can be monitored from a remote central location and thus the stations can be down the street, across the country or even overseas. It is possible to diagnose an engine problem from a remote location, address the problem and to re-start the engine from your computer and without visiting the site. On site personnel are required to attend to well field monitoring and undertake routine maintenance works.

Slide 20: Most kangaroos live on the ground and are distinguished from other animals by the way they hop on their strong back legs. The kangaroo's tail is used to balance while hopping and as a fifth limb when moving slowly. The comfortable hopping speed for the red kangaroo is about 25 km/h, but speeds of up to 70 km/h can be attained, over short distances. They live up to 6 years. From its 15 years experience in the waste to energy industry, LGP has developed its LGP Clean Technology.com. We offer services in two areas.

Slide 21: In the works area, LGP offers the following services utilising its LGP Clean Technology Process: Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT). This involves the design, construction and operation of the power station with a Chinese partner We can supply you with components for your power station where you want to retain ownership. We design, manufacture and commission. Undertake construction. Utilising a local contractor we will build your wellfield

Slide 22: The other area we are able to utilise the LGP Clean Technology.com is with our consultancy services: Design and Project Management services. We will complete the works to commissioning and training of your personnel before handing over Trouble shooting where your existing power station is not operating to your expectations. We will inspect and report on changes that are required Landfill gas capability assessment service. We will be able to tell you whether there will be sufficient gas to operate a commercial landfill gas power station

Slide 23: Despite having a herbivorous diet similar to cattle which release large quantities of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane" \o "Methane" methane, kangaroos release virtually none. The hydrogen by-product of fermentation is instead converted into acetate, which is then used to provide further energy. Scientists are interested in the possibility of transferring the bacteria responsible from kangaroos to cattle, since, as mentioned previously, the HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" \o "Greenhouse gas" greenhouse gas effect of methane is 23 times greater than that of HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" \o "Carbon dioxide" CO2. Cows are large emitters of CO2.

Slide 24: The signs are clearly there. Our planet is changing as a result of human activity. The level of awareness around this issue has changed rapidly in recent years and it is now a major political issue. China has recognised this with its renewable energy policies announced in recent years. Action is required now to reverse the trends and to ensure the long term viability of the planet and the lifestyles that we enjoy. Landfill operators have an obligation to operate their landfills in an environmentally sustainable manner. One key aspect is the collection and proper disposal of the landfill methane gas created by the breakdown of the waste.

Slide 25: The kangaroo and emu are featured on the Australian emblem, which I am unable to use in this presentation as it is the property of the Federal Government. Neither is able to move backwards. We as a world community are unable to go backwards. We need to arrest the amount of CO2 going into the atmosphere. We can help by destroying the methane created at our landfills.

END OF PRESENTATION